LATENT REFERENCES / TAG2
Dead Sea Scrolls
Original title: 死海文書
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The Dead Sea Scrolls are ancient documents found in caves around the Dead Sea, between present-day Israel and Jordan. Containing the oldest manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible, they have great religious and historical significance.
[Characteristics of the Dead Sea Scrolls]
Thought to date between around 250 BCE and 70 CE.
Many are written in Hebrew, also including documents in Aramaic, Greek, and Nabataean.
Many are written on parchment, with some on cowhide or papyrus.
They are thought to have been copied by followers of a Jewish sect called the Essenes.
[Contents of the Dead Sea Scrolls]
The canonical text of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament)
Old Testament apocrypha and the group of documents called “pseudepigrapha.”
Sectarian documents (rules and ritual books of the Qumran community, etc.).
[Discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls]
First discovered in 1947
New fragments were found in Cave 8 in the Nahal Hever wadi from late 2019 to early 2020.
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死海文書(しかいもんじょ)は、現在のイスラエルとヨルダンの間にある死海周辺の洞窟で発見された古文書です。ヘブライ語聖書の最古の写本を含み、宗教的・歴史的に大きな意味を持ちます。
【死海文書の特徴】
紀元前250年ごろから紀元70年の間と考えられている
ヘブライ語で書かれたものが多く、アラム語やギリシャ語、ナバテア語の文書も含まれる
羊皮紙に書かれたものが多く、一部は牛皮やパピルスにも書かれている
エッセネ派と呼ばれるユダヤ教の宗派の信徒たちによって書き写されたと考えられている
【死海文書の内容】
ヘブライ語聖書(旧約聖書)正典本文
旧約聖書外典と「偽典」と呼ばれる文書群
宗団文書(クムラン教団の規則や儀式書など)
【死海文書の発見】
1947年に初めて発見された
2019年末から2020年初頭にかけて、ナハル・ヘベルのワディにある第8洞窟で新たな断片が発見された
Source updated 2025-08-11 · Snapshot 2026-10-08
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