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LATENT REFERENCES / TAG2

Banausos

This reference note belongs to Tag2 in Latent References, an archive curated by Keigo Yoshida. Its archive region is Theoria. The note preserves its source text and links so that readers can trace the material behind the 3D map.

Collection
Tag2
Archive region
Theoria

Archived reference note

English translation of the archived note. JP shows the original text. Source links and literal code are retained; the translation does not update or independently verify the source claims.

Banausos referred in ancient Greece to craftsmen engaged in manual labor or specialized handicrafts, a class looked down upon as lower than free people (citizens). Referring to those concerned only with functionality or utility, or engaged in technical work, they were regarded as falling short of true “excellence (arete).”

Source updated 2026-04-07 · Snapshot 2026-10-08