Frontopolar Cortex

The Frontal pole cortex is an evolutionarily new brain region (Brodmann area 10) located at the very front of the cerebral frontal lobe. It is known for governing advanced human functions such as thinking, planning, and “metacognition,” objectively viewing one’s own state. Its main functions and characteristics are as follows. Metacognition (knowing one’s ignorance). It objectively evaluates whether one “knows or does not know” one’s own knowledge and memories. Goal achievement and sustained behavior. It is involved in the ability to carry out plans toward distant future goals (such as maintaining health) and sustain behavior. Higher-order decision-making. It plays a central role in appropriately switching between multiple tasks, making social judgments, and forming long-term outlooks. This region is most highly developed in humans and is an important part deeply involved in everything from everyday task management to achieving long-term life goals. A research group including the Department of Integrative Physiology at the University of Yamanashi Faculty of Medicine and the Department of Neuropsychiatry at the University of Tokyo Hospital revealed that the brain’s frontal-pole–temporal-lobe network becomes active when a sound that had been occurring at equal intervals fails to occur. Following review by the University of Yamanashi’s Animal Experimentation Committee, the study used electrocorticography (Note 3), which comprehensively measures neural activity through numerous electrodes placed on the cerebral cortical surface of Japanese macaques (genus Macaca), primates like humans, to examine activity in the temporal lobe associated with hearing and the frontal lobe thought to be involved in higher-level prediction formation. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E9%A0%AD%E6%A5%B5 https://www.juntendo.ac.jp/news/02879.html https://www.amed.go.jp/news/seika/kenkyu/20220607-03.html Prediction-Related Frontal-Temporal Network for Omission Mismatch Activity in the Macaque Monkey 2022 Yuki Suda 1 2, Mariko Tada 3 4, Takeshi Matsuo 5, Keisuke Kawasaki 6, Takeshi Saigusa 1, Maho Ishida 1, Tetsuo Mitsui 1 7, Hironori Kumano 1, Kenji Kirihara 3, Takafumi Suzuki 8, Kenji Matsumoto 2, Isao Hasegawa 6, Kiyoto Kasai 3 4, Takanori Uka https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35558420/ #list

前頭極皮質（Frontal pole cortex）は、大脳の前頭葉の最も前方に位置する進化的に新しい脳領域（ブロードマンの10野）です。思考、計画立案、そして自分自身の状態を客観視する「メタ認知」など、高度な人間的機能を司ることで知られています。この脳領域の主な働きと特徴は以下の通りです。メタ認知（無知の知）自分の知識や記憶について「知っているか・知らないか」を客観的に評価する機能を持ちます。目標達成と行動の継続遠い将来の目標（健康維持など）に向けた計画を実行し、行動を持続させる能力に関与しています。高次な意思決定複数の課題を適切に切り替えたり、社会的な判断や長期的な見通しを立てる中心的な役割を果たします。この領域はヒトで最もよく発達しており、日常的なタスク管理から人生の長期目標の達成に深く関わっている重要な部位です。 山梨大学医学部統合生理学教室、東京大学医学部附属病院精神神経科らの研究グループは、同じ間隔で鳴っていた音が鳴らなかったとき、脳の前頭極－側頭葉ネットワークが活動することを明らかにしました。この研究では山梨大学動物実験専門委員会の審査を受け、ヒトと同じ霊長類であるニホンザル（マカク属）の大脳皮質表面に多数の電極を留置し、網羅的に神経活動を計測する皮質脳波計測法（注3）を用いて、聴覚に関連する側頭葉と高度な予測形成に関わると考えられる前頭葉から神経活動を調べました。 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/前頭極 https://www.juntendo.ac.jp/news/02879.html https://www.amed.go.jp/news/seika/kenkyu/20220607-03.html Prediction-Related Frontal-Temporal Network for Omission Mismatch Activity in the Macaque Monkey 2022 Yuki Suda 1 2, Mariko Tada 3 4, Takeshi Matsuo 5, Keisuke Kawasaki 6, Takeshi Saigusa 1, Maho Ishida 1, Tetsuo Mitsui 1 7, Hironori Kumano 1, Kenji Kirihara 3, Takafumi Suzuki 8, Kenji Matsumoto 2, Isao Hasegawa 6, Kiyoto Kasai 3 4, Takanori Uka https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35558420/ #list