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LATENT REFERENCES / TAG1

Transcoding — Lev Manovich

This reference note belongs to Tag1 in Latent References, an archive curated by Keigo Yoshida. Its archive region is Worldmaking. The note preserves its source text and links so that readers can trace the material behind the 3D map.

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Transcoding is one of the 5 principles defining new media proposed by media theorist Lev Manovich in his book “The Language of New Media.” Society for Art and Science Manovich explained that computer-generated and computer-processed “new media” have a two-layer structure in which cultural logic and computer logic influence each other. The core idea of transcoding. Transcoding means converting from one format to another. In Manovich's context, it means a phenomenon in which the following 2 layers intermingle. Cultural Layer: aspects such as meanings, narratives, genres, and compositions understood by humans (examples: films, encyclopedias, stories). Computer Layer: computational aspects such as packets, data structures, and algorithms (examples: files, functions, databases). According to this theory, contemporary media culture is understood as traditional “cultural logic” being rewritten and reconstructed (transcoded) by “computer logic”: computer data structures and algorithms. Society for Art and Science Other “Five Principles of New Media” Besides transcoding, Manovich lists the following principles. Numerical Representation: all elements consist of digital code (0 and 1) and are mathematically manipulable. Modularity: Elements such as images and sounds exist as independent “modules” that gather to form a larger work. Automation: Numerical representation and modularity allow computers to automatically perform much media creation and editing. Variability: Rather than one fixed finished product, infinite variations (for example, personalized websites) can be generated depending on data combinations. Transcoding: through the above processes, media are converted from cultural logic into computer logic. Manovich's perspective goes beyond mere technological theory and provides an extremely important guide in contemporary media studies, including analysis of Instagram visual culture and digital art.

Source updated 2026-05-23 · Snapshot 2026-10-08

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