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LATENT REFERENCES / TAG1

Directed Evolution

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Directed Evolution is a technique that reproduces Darwinian evolution (mutation and natural selection) in a test tube to artificially improve biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. It attracted worldwide attention as a technology dramatically improving desired functions when it received the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Dr. Frances Arnold and others). Basic steps of directed evolution: A cycle for causing “evolution” within a short time in the laboratory. Creating genetic diversity: Introduce random mutations into target genes to produce many mutants (a library).  Screening and selection: Select only mutants with high desired performance (activity, stability, etc.) from those produced. Amplification and improvement: Repeat the cycle of amplifying selected genes, adding further mutations, and selecting them many times. Differences from conventional “rational design”: Conventional protein engineering has mainly used “rational design,” calculating and predicting protein structures with computers and other tools to modify them. Rational design: Effective when structures are clear, but complex mechanisms are difficult to predict. Directed evolution: Even when structures are unexplained, evolutionary mechanisms can elicit unexpectedly excellent functions. Main applications: It can create new, industrially useful molecules that do not exist in nature. Environment and industry: Improving the efficiency of plastic-degrading enzymes; producing biofuels.  Medicine/pharmaceuticals: improving antibody drugs for diseases, searching for new drug candidates. Chemistry: developing artificial enzymes promoting reactions previously possible only with chemical catalysts. #list

Source updated 2026-09-11 · Snapshot 2026-10-08

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