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LATENT REFERENCES / TAG2

Pythagoras and the Twelve Tones

This reference note belongs to Tag2 in Latent References, an archive curated by Keigo Yoshida. Its archive region is Film. The note preserves its source text and links so that readers can trace the material behind the 3D map.

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Tag2
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Film

Archived reference note

English translation of the archived note. JP shows the original text. Source links and literal code are retained; the translation does not update or independently verify the source claims.

Why are there 12 tones? Why are there 12 notes in the first place? The conclusion is that this number allows theory and practice to find just the right compromise. Using the Pythagorean theory mentioned above, we keep producing notes with the simple frequency ratio 1:3 and would ideally stop on reaching a note exactly 1 octave higher. However, as noted above, 2 and 3 are prime numbers, so even infinite repetition never returns to the original number. Calculating whether a compromise is possible somewhere, the 12th iteration gives a note close to the original. The error then is 23.46 cents (1 cent is 1/100 of a semitone). Mathematically, this happens because there is a theory about powers of 2 and powers of 3 becoming close… But leaving that aside, Pythagoras accepted these 23.46 cents and determined this point to be 1 octave. Incidentally, the next time it approaches the original note—I forget exactly—was something like 30 or 40, I think. Thus, there being 12 notes is not the result of a perfect theory but a compromise between theory and practice.

Source updated 2023-07-18 · Snapshot 2026-10-08

Source links and calculated neighbors

Cosine values measure shared lexical features, not truth, agreement or identical meaning. Original reference links are labeled separately.

  • Pythagorean CommaComputed lexical cosine similarity 0.324 · shared title, text, tags and references
  • Pythagorean TuningComputed lexical cosine similarity 0.309 · shared title, text, tags and references
  • Pythagorean TheoremComputed lexical cosine similarity 0.293 · shared title, text, tags and references
  • Prime Numbers and Just IntonationComputed lexical cosine similarity 0.153 · shared title, text, tags and references
  • HexachordComputed lexical cosine similarity 0.091 · shared title, text, tags and references