LATENT REFERENCES / TAG2
Pythagoras and the Twelve Tones
Original title: ピタゴラスと12音
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Why are there 12 tones?
Why are there 12 notes in the first place? The conclusion is that this number allows theory and practice to find just the right compromise.
Using the Pythagorean theory mentioned above, we keep producing notes with the simple frequency ratio 1:3 and would ideally stop on reaching a note exactly 1 octave higher. However, as noted above, 2 and 3 are prime numbers, so even infinite repetition never returns to the original number.
Calculating whether a compromise is possible somewhere, the 12th iteration gives a note close to the original. The error then is 23.46 cents (1 cent is 1/100 of a semitone).
Mathematically, this happens because there is a theory about powers of 2 and powers of 3 becoming close… But leaving that aside, Pythagoras accepted these 23.46 cents and determined this point to be 1 octave.
Incidentally, the next time it approaches the original note—I forget exactly—was something like 30 or 40, I think.
Thus, there being 12 notes is not the result of a perfect theory but a compromise between theory and practice.
なぜ音の数が12なのか?
そもそもなぜ音の数が12なのかというと、結論から言うと理論と実際がちょうどうまく妥協点を見つけられるのがこの数だから、ということになります。
上で出てきたピタゴラスの理論で周波数比が単純な1:3の音をどんどん作っていき、本当はちょうど1オクターブ上の音に達したところで終わり、としたいです。しかしながら、上でも書いたように2と3は素数なので無限に繰り返しても元の数に戻ることはありません。
そこで、どこかで妥協できないかと計算をしていくと、12回目に元の音に近い音になります。この時の誤差が23.46セントとなっています(1セントは半音の1/100)。
なぜこうなるかというと、数学的には2のべき乗と3のべき乗が近くなるのは。。。という理論があるのですが、それはさておきピタゴラスはこの23.46セントを許容してここまでで1オクターブと決めました。
ちなみに、この次に元の音に近づくのは正確なのは忘れましたが、30だか40だかそれくらいだったような。
なので、音の数は12というのは完全な理論でそうなっているわけではなく、理論と実際の妥協点なわけです。
Source updated 2023-07-18 · Snapshot 2026-10-08
Source links and calculated neighbors
Cosine values measure shared lexical features, not truth, agreement or identical meaning. Original reference links are labeled separately.
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