LATENT REFERENCES / TAG2
Programmable Sound Generators (PSG)
Original title: PSG音源
This reference note belongs to Tag2 in Latent References, an archive curated by Keigo Yoshida. Its archive region is Sound. The note preserves its source text and links so that readers can trace the material behind the 3D map.
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English translation of the archived note. JP shows the original text. Source links and literal code are retained; the translation does not update or independently verify the source claims.
A Programmable Sound Generator (PSG; Japanese transliteration: puroguramaburu saundo jenereita) is a type of electronic circuit that produces sound. In the narrow sense, it refers to General Instrument’s (GI) AY-3-8910 and equivalents. Broadly, it is a collective term for circuits sharing their basic principles. It is supplied as a single sound-generation chip or as one function of a more multifunctional chip.
Various timbres are produced by combining multiple basic waveforms (in the AY-3-8910, square wave ×3 + white noise), while an envelope generator varies ADSR (patterns of attack, decay, etc.).
The sound chip installed in the Family Computer has the following specifications.
2 pulse-wave (square-wave) generators (switchable duty cycles 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:7).
1 triangle-wave generator channel (4bit waveform; volume is fixed by specification, but nearly bug-like behavior involving DPCM exists and can be used to alter it).
1 noise generator (switchable between pseudorandom noise and short-period noise, with frequency adjustment; however, the earliest Famicom model with square rubber controller buttons cannot produce short-period noise).
#sound
Programmable Sound Generator(プログラマブル・サウンド・ジェネレーター、PSG)は、音を作り出す電子回路の一種。狭義には、ゼネラル・インスツルメンツ(GI)のAY-3-8910および相当品。広義には、それらと基本原理が同じ回路の総称。単一の音源チップないし、より多機能なチップの機能の一つとして供給される。
複数の基本波形(AY-3-8910では矩形波×3+ホワイトノイズ)を合成してさまざまな音色を出し、エンベロープ・ジェネレーターでADSR(立ち上がりや余韻などのパターン)を変化させる。
ファミリーコンピュータに搭載されている音源は次のような仕様である。
パルス波(矩形波)発生装置 2系統(デューティー比3:1、1:1、1:3、1:7切り替え)
三角波発生装置 1系統(4bit波形、音量は仕様上固定だが、DPCMと絡んだバグに近い挙動が存在し、これを利用するといじることが出来る)
ノイズ発生装置 1系統(擬似乱数雑音・短周期ノイズ切り替え、周波数変更が可能。ただし、最初期型(コントローラのボタンが四角いゴム)のファミコンでは短周期ノイズは出せない)
#sound
Source updated 2024-08-06 · Snapshot 2026-10-08
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