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LATENT REFERENCES / TAG2

Programmable Sound Generators (PSG)

This reference note belongs to Tag2 in Latent References, an archive curated by Keigo Yoshida. Its archive region is Sound. The note preserves its source text and links so that readers can trace the material behind the 3D map.

Collection
Tag2
Archive region
Sound

Archived reference note

English translation of the archived note. JP shows the original text. Source links and literal code are retained; the translation does not update or independently verify the source claims.

A Programmable Sound Generator (PSG; Japanese transliteration: puroguramaburu saundo jenereita) is a type of electronic circuit that produces sound. In the narrow sense, it refers to General Instrument’s (GI) AY-3-8910 and equivalents. Broadly, it is a collective term for circuits sharing their basic principles. It is supplied as a single sound-generation chip or as one function of a more multifunctional chip. Various timbres are produced by combining multiple basic waveforms (in the AY-3-8910, square wave ×3 + white noise), while an envelope generator varies ADSR (patterns of attack, decay, etc.). The sound chip installed in the Family Computer has the following specifications. 2 pulse-wave (square-wave) generators (switchable duty cycles 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, 1:7). 1 triangle-wave generator channel (4bit waveform; volume is fixed by specification, but nearly bug-like behavior involving DPCM exists and can be used to alter it). 1 noise generator (switchable between pseudorandom noise and short-period noise, with frequency adjustment; however, the earliest Famicom model with square rubber controller buttons cannot produce short-period noise). #sound

Source updated 2024-08-06 · Snapshot 2026-10-08

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